NCERT solution class 10 Science Chapter 6 || Life process Solution Class 10 Science Chapter 6 || Life processes Solution || Biology || Science ||

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Ques 1: The kidneys in human beings are part of the system for 

(a) nutrition.

(b) respiration.

(c) excretion.

(d) transportation.

Ans 1: (c) In human beings, the kidneys are part of the system for excretion. 

Ques 2: The xylem in plants are responsible for 

(a) transport of water.

(b) transport of food.

(c) transport of amino acids.

(d) transport of oxygen.

Ans 2: (a) In a plant, the xylem is responsible for transportation of water. 

Ques 3: The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires 

(a) carbon dioxide and water.

(b) chlorophyll.

(c) sunlight.

(d) all of the above.

Ans 3: (d) The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires carbon dioxide(CO2) , water(H2O), chlorophyll and sunlight.

Ques 4: The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in 

(a) cytoplasm.

(b) mitochondria.

(c) chloroplast.

(d) nucleus.

Ans 4: (b) The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide(CO2) , water(H2O) and energy takes place in mitochondria of the cell. 

Ques 5: How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place? 

Ans 5: Fats are present in the form of large globules in small intestine. The small  intestine gets the secretions in the form of bile juice from liver and pancreatic juice  from pancreas respectively. The bile salts (from the liver) break  down the large fat globules into smaller ones so that the pancreatic enzymes  can easily act on them. This is referred to as the emulsification of fats. It takes place in the small intestine. 

Ques 6: What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? 

Ans 6: Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands, located under the tongue which helps in digestion of food. It makes food soft for easy swallowing. It contains a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase, which breaks down starch(carbohydrates) into sugar.

Ques 7: What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what a are its by- products? 

Ans 7: Autotrophic nutrition takes place by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide(CO2), water(H2O), chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight are the necessary conditions required for autotrophic nutrition. Carbohydrates (starch) and O2 are the by- products of photosynthesis. 

        6 CO2 + 6 H2O →C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 

Ques 8: What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that uses uses the anaerobic mode of respiration.

Ans:


Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of O2 in the roots of some waterlogged plants, some b parasitic worms, animal muscles and some micro-organisms such as yeasts.

Ques 9: How are the the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases? 

Ans 9: The alveoli are the small balloon-like structures present in the lungs in the alveolar region. The walls  of the alveoli consist of extensive network of blood vessels Or Capillaries. Each lung consists of 300−350 million alveoli, making it a total of approximately 700 million in both  the lungs. The alveolar surface when spread out covers about 80 m² area. This  large surface area makes the gaseous exchange more efficiently.


Ques 10:  What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies? 

Ans 10: Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen in the whole body cells for cellular respiration. Therefore, deficiency of haemoglobin in blood can affect the oxygen supplying capacity of the blood. This can lead to deficiency of oxygen in the body cells. It can also leads to a disease called anaemia.

Ques 11: Describe double circulation in the human beings. Why is it necessary? 

Ans 11: Because both O2 and carbon dioxide have to be transported by the blood, the  heart has different chambers to prevent the oxygen-rich blood from intermixing with  the blood containing carbon dioxide. The human heart is divided into 4 chambers − the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium and the left  ventricle. 

Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs comes to the thin-walled upper chamber of the human  heart on the left, i.e., the left atrium. The left atrium relaxes when it is collecting this  blood. It then contracts, while the next chamber, i.e., the left ventricle, expands, so  that the blood is transferred to it. When the muscular left ventricle contracts in its  turn, the blood is pumped out to the body.


De-oxygenated blood comes from the body to the upper chamber on the right, i.e., the right atrium, as it expands. As the right atrium contracts, the corresponding lower  chamber,i.e., the right ventricle, dilates. This transfers blood to the right ventricle,  which in turn pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation process. During this process blood goes two times through the heart. That’s why it is known  as double circulation. 

Double Circulation is necessary:

The separation of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood allows a more efficient supply of O2 to all the body cells. This efficient system of oxygen supply is very  useful in warm-blooded animals such as human beings for regular supply of oxygen. As we know, warm- blooded animals have to maintain a constant body temperature by cooling themselves when they are in a hotter environment and by warming their bodies  when they are in a cooler environment. Hence, they require more O2 for more  respiration so that they can produce more energy to maintain their body  temperature.  

Thus, the circulatory system of humans is more efficient because of the presence of double circulatory heart.

Ques 12: What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem? 

Ans: Differences between the transportat of material in Xylem and Phloem are:


Ques 13:  Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.

Ans: 



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