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                          1. Introduction Let us first guess the answer based on our common experience. To move a football at rest, someone must kick it. To throw a stone upwards, one has to give it an upward push. A breeze causes the branches of a tree to swing; a strong wind can even move heavy objects. A boat moves in a flowing river without anyone rowing it. Clearly, some external agency is needed to provide force to move a body from rest. Likewise, an external force is needed also to retard or stop motion. You can stop a ball rolling down an inclined plane by applying a force against the direction of its motion. In these examples, the external agency of force (hands, wind, stream, etc) is in contact with the object. This is not always necessary. A stone released from the top of a building accelerates downward due to the gravitational pull of the earth. A bar magnet can attract an iron nail from a distance. This shows that external agencies (e.g. gravitational and magnetic forces

              1. Introduction In order to describe motion of an object in two dimensions (a plane) or three dimensions   (space), we need to use vectors to describe the above- mentioned physical quantities. Therefore, it is first necessary   to learn the language of vectors. As a simple case of motion in a plane, we shall  discuss motion with constant acceleration and treat in detail   the projectile motion. Circular motion is a familiar class of   motion that has a special significance in daily-life situations.         2. Scalars and vectors We can classify quantities as scalars or vectors. Basically, the difference is that a direction is   associated with a vector but not with a scalar.   A scalar quantity is a quantity with magnitude only. It is specified  completely by a single number, along with the proper   unit. Examples are : the distance between two points, mass of an object, the temperature of a body and the   time at which a certain event happened. The rules for   combini

                      1.   Introduction   Motion is change in position of an object with time.  In this chapter, we shall learn how to describe motion. For this, we develop the concepts of velocity and acceleration. We shall confine ourselves to the study of motion of objects along a straight line, also known as rectilinear motion. For the case of rectilinear motion with uniform acceleration, a set of simple equations can be obtained. Finally, to understand the relative nature of motion, we introduce the concept of relative velocity. In our discussions, we shall treat the objects in motion as point objects. This approximation is valid so far as the size of the object is much smaller than the distance it moves in a reasonable duration of time. In a good number of situations in real-life, the size of objects can be neglected and they can be considered as point-like objects without much error.          2.  Path length  and  Displacement 2.1 Path length We choose the x-axis

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