NCERT Acid, Base and salt Solutions || N C E R T solution class 10 science chapter 2 || Acid base solution class 10 chapter 2 || Chemistry || Science ||

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Ques 1: A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be  

(a) 1

 (b) 4

 (c) 5

 (d) 10

Ans 1: (d) Bases turn red litmus blue and acids turn blue litmus red. Basic solution has a pH  value more than 7 to 14. P H 14 is the most basic in nature. Since the solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be 10. 

Ques 2: A solution reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime-water milky. The solution contains  

(a) Na Cl 

(b) HCl 

(c) L i Cl

(d) K Cl

Ans 2: (b) The solution contains HCl.  Egg shells contains Calcium carbonate. When C a CO 3 reacts with H Cl it releases CO 2 which turns lime water milky. 

Ques 3: 10 mL of a solution of Na OH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL of a given  solution of HCl. If we take 20 mL of the same solution of Na OH, the amount of HCl  solution (the same solution as before) required to neutralise it will be  

(a) 4 mL 

(b) 8mL

(c) 12 mL 

(d) 16 mL

Ans 3: (d) 16 mL of HCl solution will be required.  

Ques 4: Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion?  

(a) Antibiotic

(b) Analgesic

(c) Antacid

(d) Antiseptic

Ans 4: (c) Antacid is used for treating indigestion.

Ques 5: Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when −  

(a) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.

(b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.

(c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.

(d) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings.

Ans 5: 

Ques 6: Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised 
as acids. Describe an activity to prove it. 

Ans 6: Two nails are fitted on a cork and are kept it in a 100 mL beaker. The nails are then  connected to the two terminals (+ v e and - v e) of a 6-volt battery through a bulb and a switch. Some  dilute HCl is poured in the beaker and the current is switched on. The same experiment is then performed with glucose solution and alcohol solution.  

Observations:  It will be observed that the bulb g lows in the HCl solution and does not g low in the glucose solution. 
Result: HCl can easily dissociates into H+ and Cl− ions. These ions conduct electricity in the solution resulting in the glowing of the bulb. On the other hand, the glucose solution does not  easily dissociate into ions. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity.  

Conclusion: From this activity, it can be concluded that all acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds containing hydrogen are acids. That is why, though alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen, they are not categorised as  
acids. 

Ques 7: Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does?  

Ans 7: Distilled water is a pure form of water and is devoid of any ionic species. Therefore, it  does not conduct electricity. Rain water, being an impure form of water, contains many ionic species such as acids and therefore it conducts electricity.  H2 O2 is the purest form of water on the earth. 

Ques 8: Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?  

Ans 8: Acids do not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water because the dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid occurs in the presence of water only. It is the hydrogen ions that are responsible for the acidic behaviour. So, that's why acids doesn't show acidic behaviour in absence of water. 

Ques 9: Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4, 1, 11, 7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is  

(a) neutral?

(b) strongly alkaline?

(c) strongly acidic?

(d) weakly acidic?

(e) weakly alkaline?

Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.

Ans 9: (a) Neutral → Solution D with pH of 7  

(b) Strongly alkaline → Solution C with pH of 11

(c) Strongly acidic → Solution B with pH of 1

(d) Weakly acidic → Solution A with pH of 4

(e) Weakly alkaline → Solution E with pH of 9

The pH can be arranged in the increasing order of the concentration of hydrogen ions as:

11 < 9 < 7 < 4 < 1

Ques 10: Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (C H 3COOH) is added to test tube B. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?  

Ans 10: The fizzing will occur strongly in test tube A, in which hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added. This is because HCl is a stronger acid than C H 3COOH (Acetic acid) and therefore produces hydrogen gas at a faster speed due to which fizzing occurs.  

Ques 11: Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd?  Explain your answer.  

Ans 11: The pH of milk is 6. As it changes to curd, the pH will reduce because curd is acidic in  nature. The acids present in it decrease the pH. 

Ques 12: A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.  

(a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?

(b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?

Ans 12: (a) The milkman shifts the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline because in  alkaline condition, milk does not set as curd easily.  

(b) Since this milk is slightly basic than usual milk, acids produced to set the curd are neutralised by the base. Therefore, it takes a longer time for the curd to set.  

Ques 13: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why?  

Ans 13: Plaster of Paris (POP) should be stored in a moisture-proof container because Plaster of Paris, a powdery mass, absorbs water (moisture) to form a hard solid known as gypsum. Gypsum formula is C a SO 2.2 H 2 O. 

Ques 14: What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.  

Ans 14: A reaction in which an acid and base react with each other to give a salt and water is  termed as neutralisation reaction. In this reaction there is no charge on the compound. In this reaction, energy is evolved in the form of heat.  For example:  

(i) During indigestion (caused due to the production of excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach), we administer an antacid (generally milk of magnesia, which is basic in nature). The antacid neutralises the excess of acids and thus gives relief from indigestion.

Ques 15: Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.  

Ans 15: Two important used of washing soda and baking soda are as follows:  

(1) Washing soda:

(a) It is used in glass, soap, and paper industries.

(b) It is used to remove permanent hardness of water. It is also used in washing clothes by the washer man's. 

(2) Baking soda:

(a) It is used as baking powder. Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and a mild acid known as tartaric acid. When it is heated or mixed in water, it releases CO 2 that makes bread or cake fluffy.  

(b) It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers. During it's reaction it releases carbon dioxide and water. 

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